Definition
The term purchase discounts missed ratio refers to a calculation that allows a company to understand how frequently the offer of a supplier discount is missed. Purchase discounts are offered by suppliers if payment is received in a predetermined timeframe.
Calculation
Purchase Discounts Missed Ratio = (Purchase Discounts Offered / Purchase Discounts Taken) - 1
Where:
Purchase discounts offered is the total of all economic purchase discounts provided by suppliers. This includes all instance where the money saved by taking the discount is greater than the opportunity cost associated with a later payment. Nearly all discounts offered by suppliers will be economically viable candidates.
Purchase discounts taken is the total dollar value of purchases associated with offers of purchase discounts.
Note: This metric is the inverse of the purchase discounts ratio.
Explanation
Accounting and finance metrics allow a company's internal analysts to understand how well its accounting and finance departments are operating. This is usually assessed by examining metrics such as error rates, transactions processed, discounts taken, and turnaround times. Accounting and finance metrics allow the company's management team to identify areas where changes can be made that will improve their key operating metrics. One of the ways to learn if the accounting department is not capitalizing on vendor-offered discounts is by calculating the purchase discounts missed ratio.
Suppliers typically offer their customers a discount on the purchase price of their goods if prompt payment is received. Discounts are almost always profitable, meaning the company will save more money by paying early than the opportunity cost of holding onto the funds longer. Taking advantage of these discounts is one of the few ways the accounting department (accounts payable) can demonstrate they are able to directly save a company money.
The purchase discounts missed ratio measures the effectiveness of the accounts payable department. This metric is the inverse of the purchase discounts ratio, where the resultant value should be 100%. This metric measures the frequency of missed discounts, so the resultant value should be 0%; anything more should be considered unacceptable.
Example
The CFO of Company ABC wanted to understand how effective her accounts payable department was at processing payments. She asked the company's continuous improvement to kick off a green belt project aimed at determining if the department was taking advantage of discounts offered by vendors. After examining the process, the green belt separated the discounts into two categories: those that are economically viable versus those that should not be paid early. The results of her findings appear below:
Purchase discounts taken on the economically viable offers: $293,200
Economically viable discounts offered: $312,500
From this information the purchase discounts ratio was calculated as:
= ($312,500 / $293,200) - 1= 1.0658 - 1, or 0.0658
Based on the above finding, the company lost 6.58% of its discounts, which works out to $19,300 lost. After sharing this information with her project champion and sponsor, the green belt identified ways to ensure economically viable discounts were always taken in the future as well as an ongoing measurement system to monitor results of the improvement effort.
Related Terms
transactions processed per FTE, transaction error rate, aging buckets
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