Definition
The term dividend payout ratio refers to a measure of the dividends paid to shareholders relative to the net income generated by the company. The dividend payout ratio is an important profitability metric, and one that's closely watched by investors that rely on the payment of dividends as a source of household income.
Calculation
Dividend Payout Ratio = Cash Dividends / (Net Income - Preferred Dividends)
Alternatively, this ratio's formula can be stated as:
Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividends per Share / Earnings per Share
Explanation
Profitability ratios allow the investor-analyst to understand how well a company performed during the year. Generally, profitability metrics are based on information found on the income statement, although several do rely on information from the balance sheet too, such as return on assets.
Common stocks can provide a return to their investors in two ways. The price per share can increase over time, and the common stock can pay a dividend. Companies in mature industries tend to have fewer opportunities to invest earnings back into the company. For this reason, these companies tend to have higher dividend payout ratios than faster growing companies.
Since companies with higher ratios are valued by investors seeking a steady source of income, a reduction in the dividends paid is seen as a negative. For that very reason, these same investors will pay close attention to the company's dividend payout ratio. Investors purchasing common stocks for income purposes will also track a closely related metric: dividend yield.
Example
The Board of Directors for Company A recently declared a dividend of $1.42 per share. Company A's earnings per share was $2.52. The dividend payout ratio for Company A is calculated as follows:
= $1.42 / $2.52, or 56.3%
Related Terms
- The financial metric return on assets, or ROA, is a profitability ratio that analyzes management's ability to earn a fair return on the money invested in the assets of a company. Only two variables are required to determine return on assets: net income and total assets.
Moneyzine EditorSeptember 21st, 2023 
The financial ratio earnings per share, or EPS, is perhaps the single most popular variable used by analysts and investors to evaluate the profitability of a company. EPS measures the profitability of a company on a per share basis.Moneyzine EditorJanuary 16th, 2024
The ratio of dividends paid to common stockholders relative to market price per share is known as the dividend yield. This ratio is typically expressed in terms of a percentage.Moneyzine EditorJanuary 16th, 2024
